b'Engineer Innovation | AutomotiveUNFEASIBLE REFERENCE FEASIBLEEquivalence Ratio1.51.31.10.900.700.50Particle Diameter (um)30.024.018.012.06.000.000Figure 3: Isosurfaces of fuel equivalence-ratio and liquid fuel droplets at ignition timing for three selected candidate injection strategies A distinct trade-off between thewhereas later pulses may directly boost turbulent kinetic energy and fuellate turbulence levels at the cost of homogeneity became obvious. In firstdecreased mixing time available. At the order, early pulses tend to lead to bettersame time very late pulses result in non-air-fuel mixing with no direct effect onvaporized liquid fuel in the chamber turbulence levels at ignition time,and non-ideal timing may cause fuel to 48'