b'Engineer Innovation | AutomotiveThe final part of the model for the study is the virtual system configuration. Using Simcenter Flomaster, the layout of the cooling system is defined and shown in Figure 3.All of the necessary data for each component and each scenario was entered into the model with the main output of interest defined as the coolant temperature at the inlet of the radiator. For each driving scenario a Design of Experiment was conducted using the software. It was a full factorial design with respect to the radiator length and the fan power. Each DoE consisted of 64 experiments; with seven different driving scenarios this results in 448 Figure 5: Coolant temperature, A test case simulation runs in total to determine the optimal radiator length and fan power.ResultsOne of the most important things to do when using a virtual model is to verify it against known, accepted data. As shown in Figure 4, five of the test scenarios were compared against real experimental values previously obtained. The requirement was for the model to be within 5C, and the virtual model succeeded on all five tests with a maximum of 3C difference.Focusing on the study of radiator length and fan power, it is necessary to look at each of the different driving scenarios as each needs to perform satisfactorily. As an example Figure 5 shows coolant temperature for drive scenario A. In Figure 6: Coolant temperature, drive scenario F this test, there are several design conditions that could meet the requirements as points shown below the red temperature limit line. Since this is a low vehicle speed test, changing the fan power or the radiator length can have a noticeable effect on the top tank temperature. This however isnt always the case as shown in Figures 6 and 7. Figure 6, shows temperatures for drive scenario F which is at a much faster vehicle speed test (160 km/h vs. 40 km/h). In this case, the additional airflow increasing the fan power would generate is negligible compared to the ram air already being produced. This means keeping the cooling temperature under the limits will mainly be driven by radiator size. On the other end of the Figure 7: Coolant temperature drive scenario G test case spectrum is drive scenario G shown in 26'